Top-rated programmes
Strong Evidence of Effectiveness
At least two studies, one of which is a randomized or randomized quasi-experimental study, or multiple smaller studies, with a sample size-weighted effect size of at least +0.20, and a collective sample size across all studies of at least 250 students. To qualify for this category, effect sizes from the randomized studies must have a weighted mean effect size of at least +0.20.
Available in the UK
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Success for All |
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Provides extensive training and materials focused on co-operative learning, phonics, and a rapid pace of instruction. Also provides tutoring to struggling children, mostly age 6/7. |
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| Type | CTP + TT | Available in UK | Yes |
| Contact/ Website | www.successforall.org.uk/ (Product training provided) | ||
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Reading Recovery |
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Provides the lowest achieving readers (lowest 20%) in year 2 with supplemental tutoring in addition to their normal reading classes. |
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| Type | TT | Available in UK | Yes |
| Contact/ Website | Website: www.readingrecovery.ioe.ac.uk/ E-mail: readrec@ioe.ac.uk |
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Quick Reads |
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A supplementary programme designed to increase fluency, build vocabulary and background knowledge, and improve comprehension. |
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| Type | SG | Available in UK | Yes |
| Contact/ Website |
Website: www.quickreads.org Available to purchase from: sheila.crowe@pearson.com |
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Reading Intervention |
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A programme for children who have the most significant literacy difficulties and who are in the beginning stages of learning to read and write. Children who take part in the programme will usually have had previous support in school. The programme is individually tailored, and delivered by intensively trained teachers and teaching assistants. Currently available only in Cumbria and Rochdale. North Yorkshire has also developed a small group version of the intervention. (Nb. This programme was known as Reading with Phonology during development). |
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| Type | TT | Available in UK | Yes |
| Contact/ Website |
Contact: crl@psych.york.ac.uk Information about the programme in Cumbria: www.cumbria.gov.uk/childrensservices/reading |
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Some availability in the UK
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One-to-One Teacher Tutoring with Phonics Emphasis - various programmes
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Programmes: 1) Auditory Discrimination in Depth (TT) 2) Early Steps/Howard Street Tutoring (TT) 3) Intensive Reading 4) Reading Rescue (TT) |
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| Type | TT | Available in UK | Yes/no |
| Contact/ Website |
1) US website: www.lindamoodbell.com/programs/lips.html 2) Contact: morrisrd@appstate.edu 3) Contact: blachman@syr.edu 4) US website: www.literacytrust.org/rrprogram/index.htm |
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Not available in the UK
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Direct Instruction/ Corrective Reading |
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A highly structured, phonetic approach to reading instruction that emphasizes phonics, a step-by-step teaching approach, and direct teaching of comprehension skills, as well as extensive professional development and follow-up. |
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| Type | CTP, SGT |
Available in UK | No |
| Contact/ Website |
US website: www.nifdi.org Contact: info@nifidi.org |
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Peer Assisted Learning Strategies (PALS) |
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A technique in which children work in pairs, taking turns as teacher and learner, to learn a structured sequence of literacy skills, such as phonemic awareness, phonics, sound blending, passage reading, and story re-telling. |
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| Type | CTP | Available in UK | No |
| Contact/ Website |
US website: www.kc.vanderbilt.edu/pals/ Contact: pals@venderbilt.edu |
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Targeted Reading Intervention |
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A one-to-one tutoring model in which classroom teachers work individually with struggling readers in Years 1 and 2 for 15 minutes a day. The 1-1 sessions focus on re-reading for fluency (2 min.), word work (6 min.), and guided oral reading (7 min.). |
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| Type | TT | Available in UK | No |
| Contact/ Website |
Contact: lynnevf@email.unc.edu |
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One-to-One Paraprofessional/Volunteer Tutoring with Phonics Emphasis
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1) Sound Partners (TPara) 2) The Reading Connection (T-Para) 3) SMART (T-Para) 4) Reading Rescue (TPara) 5) Howard Street Tutoring (T-Para) 6) Book Buddies (TVolunteer) |
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| Type | T-P/V | Available in UK | No |
| Contact/ Website | 1) E-mail: partners@wri-edu.org 2) Website: www.thereadingconnection.org 3) Website: www.getsmartoregon.org 4) Website: www.literacytrust.org/rrprogram/index.htm 5) E-mail: morrisrd@appstate.edu 6) E-mail: mai@virginia.edu |
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Moderate Evidence of Effectiveness
At least two matched prospective studies, with a collective sample size of 250 pupils, and a weighted mean effect size of at least +0.20.
Available in the UK
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Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) |
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| Nb. CIRC is now disseminated as Literacy Wings | |||
| Type | CTP | Available in UK | Yes |
| Contact/ Website | A co-operative learning programme designed to help pupils develop metacognitive strategies for comprehending narrative and expository text. |
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Struggling readers
What Works for Struggling Readers?
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Educator's summary
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As web pages
Top-rated programmes
Full report (218 pages)
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